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What is Intrinsic Value?

💡 Intrinsic value = what a stock is ACTUALLY worth, based on the company's earnings and assets. Think of it as the "fair price."

The sneaker analogy 👟

Imagine a pair of sneakers. The retail price is $120 (that's the stock price). But if you look at the materials, labor, and brand value, maybe they're really worth $80 (intrinsic value).

  • Paying $120 for $80 sneakers = Overvalued stockYou're overpaying. Might go down.
  • Paying $60 for $80 sneakers = Undervalued stockYou're getting a deal. Might go up.
  • Paying $80 for $80 sneakers = Fair valueYou're paying exactly what it's worth.

How is intrinsic value calculated?

There are several methods. The basic idea behind all of them:

How much money will this company make in the future?

Then discount it back to today's value.

We use 5 different methods and average them:

DCF
Predict future cash flows, calculate what they're worth today
Graham Number
Classic formula from the "father of value investing"
Earnings Power
What's the company worth if it never grows?
P/E Comparison
How does it compare to similar companies?

Important: It's an estimate, not a fact

Intrinsic value is like appraising a house — different people get different numbers. It's a useful guide, but not an exact answer. The stock market is driven by emotions, hype, and news — not just math.

Key takeaway

Intrinsic value helps you answer: "Am I paying too much for this stock?" If the stock price is way above intrinsic value, it might be overpriced. If it's below, it might be a deal.